Journal: Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology

Article Title: Overexpression of JAML in colorectal cancer cells predicts higher radiosensitivity by inactivating ATR pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.101016

Figure Lengend Snippet: CRC cells with JAML overexpression demonstrate increased apoptosis and DNA damage after irradiation, accompanied by inhibiting the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway. (A) Representative images of apoptosis of LOVO and DLD-1 cells using flow cytometry after 24 h after X-ray irradiation. (B and C) Quantitative statistics of apoptosis of LOVO and DLD-1 cells. (D) Representative images of fluorescence of γH2AX in LOVO and DLD-1 cells after 12 h of X-ray irradiation or lack of X-ray irradiation. (E and F) Quantitative statistical analysis of the γH2AX-positive rate in LOVO and DLD-1 cells. (G and L) Western blot images of the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway’s protein expression in LOVO and DLD-1 cells after 24 h of X-ray irradiation/lack of irradiation. (H–K and M−P) Quantitative statistical analysis of the relative ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway’s protein expression in LOVO and DLD-1 cells (*, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; and ****, P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GAPDH (Proteintech, dilution 1:50000, China), pCHK1 (Cell Signaling Technology, dilution 1:1000, USA), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) (MCE, dilution 1:1000, MCE), pATR (Cell Signaling Technology, dilution 1:1000, USA), and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) (Proteintech, dilution 1:1000, China) were used.

Techniques: Over Expression, Irradiation, Flow Cytometry, Fluorescence, Western Blot, Protein-Protein interactions, Expressing

Journal: Clinical and Translational Radiation Oncology

Article Title: Overexpression of JAML in colorectal cancer cells predicts higher radiosensitivity by inactivating ATR pathway

doi: 10.1016/j.ctro.2025.101016

Figure Lengend Snippet: CRC tumors with JAML overexpression show lower Ki67 expression after X-ray radiation therapy , accompanied by inhibiting the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway in vivo. (A)Representative immunofluorescence images of Ki67 in LOVO and DLD-1 tumor tissues. (B and C) Quantitative statistical analysis of the expression of Ki67 in LOVO and DLD-1 tumor tissues. (D) Representative western blot images of the ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway in LOVO and DLD-1 tumor tissues. (E–L) Quantitative statistical analysis of the relative ATR-CHK1 signaling pathway’s protein expression in LOVO and DLD-1 tumor tissues (*, P ≤ 0.05; **, P ≤ 0.01; ***, P ≤ 0.001; and ****, P ≤ 0.0001).

Article Snippet: Antibodies against GAPDH (Proteintech, dilution 1:50000, China), pCHK1 (Cell Signaling Technology, dilution 1:1000, USA), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) (MCE, dilution 1:1000, MCE), pATR (Cell Signaling Technology, dilution 1:1000, USA), and ataxia telangiectasia and Rad3-related protein (ATR) (Proteintech, dilution 1:1000, China) were used.

Techniques: Over Expression, Expressing, In Vivo, Immunofluorescence, Western Blot, Protein-Protein interactions

Journal: Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Activation of the MEK1-CHK2 axis in macrophages by Staphylococcus aureus promotes mitophagy, resulting in a reduction in bactericidal efficacy

doi: 10.1186/s10020-025-01274-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: MEK1-ERK1/2 activation in macrophages enhances mitophagy by inhibiting CHEK2 expression to reduce mtROS levels. A – D Representative images ( A ) and quantification ( B – D ) of CHEK2 levels in BMDMs infected with S. aureus (MOI = 10) for 12 h and treated with or without GDC-0973 or LY3214996. Statistical results of CHEK2 fluorescence intensity ( B ), mitochondrial localization of CHEK2 ( C ), and nuclear localization of CHEK2 ( D ). Scale bars, 10 μm. E and F Representative images ( E ) and quantification ( F ) of mtROS levels in BMDMs infected with S. aureus for 12 h and treated with GDC-0973 or LY3214996 and BML-277. Scale bars, 5 μm. G – I Representative images ( G ) and quantification ( H and I ) of LysoTracker/MitoTracker staining in BMDMs infected with S. aureus (MOI = 10) for 12 h and treated with GDC-0973 or LY3214996 and BML-277. Scale bars, 10 μm. n = 5 samples/group, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Following PBS washes, the cells were incubated in blocking buffer at room temperature in the dark for 1 h and then incubated with a rabbit anti-checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) primary antibody (#13954-1-AP, Proteintech, USA) for 2 h at room temperature in the dark.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Infection, Fluorescence, Staining

Journal: Molecular Medicine

Article Title: Activation of the MEK1-CHK2 axis in macrophages by Staphylococcus aureus promotes mitophagy, resulting in a reduction in bactericidal efficacy

doi: 10.1186/s10020-025-01274-7

Figure Lengend Snippet: Mitophagy in macrophages regulated by the MEK1-ERK1/2-CHEK2 signaling pathway is crucial for the progression of S. aureus -induced osteomyelitis. A and B Representative images ( A ) and quantitative ( B ) analysis of H&E staining of S. aureus -infected femurs from mice treated with or without GDC-0973 or LY3214996 and BML-277 compared with those treated with the vehicle. Scale bars, 100 μm. C and D Representative images ( C ) and quantitative ( D ) analysis of the bacterial load in the S. aureus -infected femurs of mice treated with or without GDC-0973 or LY3214996 and BML-277 compared with those treated with the vehicle. E and F Representative images ( E ) and quantification ( F ) of the flow cytometry results for the proportions of LysoTracker + Mitophagy+/F4/80 + CD11b + cells in the S. aureus -infected femurs of mice treated with or without GDC-0973 or LY3214996 and BML-277 compared with those treated with the vehicle. n = 5 mice/group, *** p < 0.001

Article Snippet: Following PBS washes, the cells were incubated in blocking buffer at room temperature in the dark for 1 h and then incubated with a rabbit anti-checkpoint kinase 2 (CHEK2) primary antibody (#13954-1-AP, Proteintech, USA) for 2 h at room temperature in the dark.

Techniques: Staining, Infection, Flow Cytometry

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Combined inhibition of RAD51 and CHK1 causes synergistic toxicity in cisplatin resistant cancer cells by triggering replication fork collapse.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35164

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 2 Synergistic toxicity evoked by combined treatment with the CHK1 inhibitor PF477736 (PF) and the RAD51 inhibitor B02 in J82CisPt. (A) The viability of J82CisPt cells was analyzed after treatment with differently combined low and moderate toxic doses of CHK1i PF477736 and RAD51i B02 as indicated. Cell viability was measured after a 72 h treatment period using the AlamarBlue Assay. Based on the data obtained from three independent experiments each performed in quadruplicate, the combination indices (CIs) were calculated using CompuSyn software (CI < 0.9 indicating synergistic effects, CI ≈1 additive effects and CI > 1.2 antagonistic effects). (B) Protein expression and activation of different apoptosis-related factors were examined via Western Blot analyses using protein extracts of J82CisPt

Article Snippet: Cytostatics, DDR modifiers and other compounds were obtained from the following suppliers: Doxorubicin (Cellpharm [Bad Vilbel, Germany]), OH-Urea (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), 5-Fluorouracil (Medac [Wedel, Germany]), Carboplatin (TEVA [Ulm, Germany]), Oxaliplatin (Accord Healthcare [Munich, Germany]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carl Roth GmbH [Karlsruhe, Germany]), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor PF477736 and LY2603618 (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), RAD51 inhibitor B02 and RI(dl)2 (Tocris Bioscience [Bristol, UK]), MRE11 inhibitor Mirin (Abcam [Cambridge, UK]), PARP inhibitor Niraparib (MedChemExpress [Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA]), HDAC inhibitors Entinostat (Selleckchem [Munich, Germany]) and Vorinostat (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]).

Techniques: Alamar Blue Assay, Software, Expressing, Activation Assay, Western Blot

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Combined inhibition of RAD51 and CHK1 causes synergistic toxicity in cisplatin resistant cancer cells by triggering replication fork collapse.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35164

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 3 S-phase arrest in J82CisPt cells following treatment with B02 and PF477736. (A, B) Inhibitors (10 μM B02 ± 1 μM PF477736) were added 24 h after seeding and cell cycle distribution was analyzed after a treatment period of 24 h (A) and 72 h (B) employing propidium iodide staining and flow cytometric analysis. Data are presented as mean + SD from n = 3 independent experiments. (C) The EdU incorporation of J82CisPt cells was analyzed after treatment with 10 μM B02 or/and 1 μM PF477736. EdU incorporation was analyzed after 24 h treatment period with an EdU pulse of 2 h. The graph shows the mean + SD of n = 3 independent experiments (1000–2000 nuclei analyzed per sample). The scale bars in the representative pictures correspond to 50 μm. ***p ≤.001; **p ≤.01; *p ≤.05; significant compared to control (*), to B02 mono- treatment (#) and to PF477736 mono-treatment (+). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Article Snippet: Cytostatics, DDR modifiers and other compounds were obtained from the following suppliers: Doxorubicin (Cellpharm [Bad Vilbel, Germany]), OH-Urea (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), 5-Fluorouracil (Medac [Wedel, Germany]), Carboplatin (TEVA [Ulm, Germany]), Oxaliplatin (Accord Healthcare [Munich, Germany]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carl Roth GmbH [Karlsruhe, Germany]), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor PF477736 and LY2603618 (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), RAD51 inhibitor B02 and RI(dl)2 (Tocris Bioscience [Bristol, UK]), MRE11 inhibitor Mirin (Abcam [Cambridge, UK]), PARP inhibitor Niraparib (MedChemExpress [Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA]), HDAC inhibitors Entinostat (Selleckchem [Munich, Germany]) and Vorinostat (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]).

Techniques: Staining, Control

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Combined inhibition of RAD51 and CHK1 causes synergistic toxicity in cisplatin resistant cancer cells by triggering replication fork collapse.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35164

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 4 Hampered replication occurring after combined treatment of J82CisPt with PF477736 and B02. (A) 24 h after seeding, J82CisPt cells were treated with either 10 μM B02, 1 μM PF477736 or both substances for 6 h. After the treatment, cells were incubated for 20 min with CldU, followed by 20 min incubation with IdU. The BrdU analogs were labeled by immunofluorescence, staining was analyzed microscopically and fiber lengths were measured using ImageJ. Data presented are from two independent experiments, whereby 200 fibers were measured for each sample. Each dot represents one analyzed fiber and the black lines show the mean ± SEM. The mean value is also given above the graphs. Upper panel, nascent DNA elongation, graphically displayed as IdU track lengths of bi-colored DNA fibers. Middle panel, table summarizing the evaluation of proportions of origins and terminations in the total fiber population (ns, not significant). Lower panel, as measure of DNA replication fork stalling fork asymmetry was determined from three-colored replication origins as the ratio of the longer red IdU fiber track length versus the shorter red IdU fiber track length departing from the same green CldU track. (B) Formation of RPA foci in the nuclei of J82CisPt cells was analyzed after 6 and 24 h treatment with 10 μM B02 or/and 1 μM PF477736 via immunocytochemical staining. Data are shown with each dot representing one analyzed nucleus and the black lines showing the mean ± SEM from three independent experiments, where in each case 50 nuclei were counted. The scale bars in the representative pictures correspond to 10 μm. ***p ≤.001; **p ≤.01; *p ≤.05; significant compared to control (*), to B02 mono-treatment (#) and to PF477736 mono-treatment (+). [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Article Snippet: Cytostatics, DDR modifiers and other compounds were obtained from the following suppliers: Doxorubicin (Cellpharm [Bad Vilbel, Germany]), OH-Urea (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), 5-Fluorouracil (Medac [Wedel, Germany]), Carboplatin (TEVA [Ulm, Germany]), Oxaliplatin (Accord Healthcare [Munich, Germany]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carl Roth GmbH [Karlsruhe, Germany]), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor PF477736 and LY2603618 (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), RAD51 inhibitor B02 and RI(dl)2 (Tocris Bioscience [Bristol, UK]), MRE11 inhibitor Mirin (Abcam [Cambridge, UK]), PARP inhibitor Niraparib (MedChemExpress [Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA]), HDAC inhibitors Entinostat (Selleckchem [Munich, Germany]) and Vorinostat (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]).

Techniques: Incubation, Labeling, Immunofluorescence, Staining, Control

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Combined inhibition of RAD51 and CHK1 causes synergistic toxicity in cisplatin resistant cancer cells by triggering replication fork collapse.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35164

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 5 S-phase-dependent formation of DNA damage and activation of DDR- and DNA repair-related mechanisms following treatment of J82CisPt with PF477736 and B02. (A) Protein expression and activation of different replication stress- and DDR-related factors was examined via Western Blot analyses with protein extracts of J82CisPt cells treated for 6 h or 24 h with 10 μM B02, 1 μM PF477736 or both substances. (B) Formation of DNA strand breaks was analyzed via alkaline Comet Assay after 24 h mono- and combination-treatment with 10 μM B02 and 1 μM PF477736. Tail intensity (% DNA in tail) is displayed as dot for every analyzed cell and the mean ± SEM calculated from n = 3; N = 50. ***p ≤.001; **p ≤.01; *p ≤.05; significant compared to control (*), to B02 mono-treatment (#) and to PF477736 mono-treatment (+). (C) To analyze in which cell cycle phase the damage predominantly occurs, a double staining with γH2AX antibody and propidium iodide was applied and examined by flow cytometry after a treatment period of 6 and 24 h in J82CisPt. Displayed representative images of the flow cytometrical analyses were generated using FlowJo software. (D) J82CisPt cells were co-treated with 10 μM B02 + 1 μM PF477736 for 24 h, afterwards immunocytochemical co-staining of γH2AX and RPA was performed to analyze the correlation of both markers. For γH2AX, the mean fluorescence intensity of the nuclei was measured and the number of RPA foci per nucleus were counted. Data are shown with each dot representing one analyzed nucleus and the black lines showing the mean ± SEM from two independent experiments, where in each case 50 nuclei were measured. The scale bar in the representative picture corresponds to 20 μm. ***p ≤.001; significant compared to nuclei with <10 RPA foci. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Article Snippet: Cytostatics, DDR modifiers and other compounds were obtained from the following suppliers: Doxorubicin (Cellpharm [Bad Vilbel, Germany]), OH-Urea (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), 5-Fluorouracil (Medac [Wedel, Germany]), Carboplatin (TEVA [Ulm, Germany]), Oxaliplatin (Accord Healthcare [Munich, Germany]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carl Roth GmbH [Karlsruhe, Germany]), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor PF477736 and LY2603618 (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), RAD51 inhibitor B02 and RI(dl)2 (Tocris Bioscience [Bristol, UK]), MRE11 inhibitor Mirin (Abcam [Cambridge, UK]), PARP inhibitor Niraparib (MedChemExpress [Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA]), HDAC inhibitors Entinostat (Selleckchem [Munich, Germany]) and Vorinostat (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]).

Techniques: Activation Assay, Expressing, Western Blot, Alkaline Single Cell Gel Electrophoresis, Control, Double Staining, Flow Cytometry, Generated, Software, Staining, Fluorescence

Journal: International journal of cancer

Article Title: Combined inhibition of RAD51 and CHK1 causes synergistic toxicity in cisplatin resistant cancer cells by triggering replication fork collapse.

doi: 10.1002/ijc.35164

Figure Lengend Snippet: FIGURE 6 Combining B02 or PF477736 with other CHK1- or RAD51-inhibitors, respectively, likewise induces S-phase arrest, replication stress, and DNA damage in J82CisPt. J82CisPt cells were co-treated with 10 μM B02 + 1 μM LY2603618 (LY) (A) or 1 μM PF477736 (PF) + 30 μM RI(dl)2 (RI2) (B). Following 24 h treatment, propidium iodide-based cell cycle analysis was performed by flow cytometry with emphasis on the proportion of cells in S-phase. A total of 10,000 counts were measured for quantification. Induction of γH2AX and pRPA32 (S4, S8) was examined via Western Blot analyses with protein extracts of J82CisPt cells treated for 6 or 24 h with the corresponding combination or mono- treatments. [Color figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com]

Article Snippet: Cytostatics, DDR modifiers and other compounds were obtained from the following suppliers: Doxorubicin (Cellpharm [Bad Vilbel, Germany]), OH-Urea (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), 5-Fluorouracil (Medac [Wedel, Germany]), Carboplatin (TEVA [Ulm, Germany]), Oxaliplatin (Accord Healthcare [Munich, Germany]), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) (Carl Roth GmbH [Karlsruhe, Germany]), checkpoint kinase 1 (CHK1) inhibitor PF477736 and LY2603618 (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]), RAD51 inhibitor B02 and RI(dl)2 (Tocris Bioscience [Bristol, UK]), MRE11 inhibitor Mirin (Abcam [Cambridge, UK]), PARP inhibitor Niraparib (MedChemExpress [Monmouth Junction, NJ, USA]), HDAC inhibitors Entinostat (Selleckchem [Munich, Germany]) and Vorinostat (Sigma [Steinheim, Germany]).

Techniques: Cell Cycle Assay, Flow Cytometry, Western Blot